Stock market volatility made a big comeback in 2018, especially when compared to the previous year. Most market participants had become complacent during the last few years. The SPDR S&P 500 Index ETF ( SPY), which represents the S&P 500 Index, declined -19.8% from its peak achieved in September 2018 until Christmas Eve on 24th December 2018. The S&P 500 barely avoided the technical definition of a bear market (supposed to be at least a 20% decline). However, there were other major market-indexes like Nasdaq Composite, which were not so lucky and lost over