MARKET WIRE NEWS

Octave Specialty Group Reports Fourth Quarter 2025 Results

MWN-AI** Summary

Octave Specialty Group, Inc. (NYSE: OSG) reported its results for Q4 2025, highlighting a significant transformation within the company. With a strategy pivot towards specializing in property and casualty insurance, Octave achieved total premium production of $303 million for the quarter, reflecting a 15% increase year-over-year. The Insurance Distribution segment saw a 13% growth in commission income, amounting to $37 million, and organic revenue growth of 8.1%.

Despite an overall net loss attributable to shareholders of $30 million for the quarter, this marked a 35% improvement from a significant loss of $548 million in the previous year, primarily due to costs from the acquisition of ArmadaCare and restructuring efforts following the divestiture of financial guarantee operations. Adjusted EBITDA rose to $1.4 million, significantly improving from $0.5 million a year earlier, driven by enhanced performance in the Insurance Distribution segment.

The Specialty Property & Casualty insurance division's gross and net premiums written surged 34% and 978%, respectively, signaling a robust growth trajectory. Notably, the combined ratio improved to below 100%, indicating greater operational efficiency.

President and CEO Claude LeBlanc emphasized the importance of the ArmadaCare acquisition and the launch of 1889 Specialty, a new management liability platform targeting the SME sector. He expressed optimism about the company's future, anticipating continued strong organic growth through 2026, supported by new initiatives and strategic partnerships.

As Octave Specialty Group advances into 2026, it aims to leverage its diversified portfolio and innovative business model to deliver substantial long-term value to shareholders. The company attributes its successful quarter to ongoing execution of its high-growth strategies within the specialty insurance market.

MWN-AI** Analysis

Octave Specialty Group's fourth quarter results for 2025 reveal a company in transition, with significant investment in growth opportunities but also marked financial pressures. Despite total P&C premium production increasing by 15% to $303 million, the net loss to shareholders of $1 million represents an ongoing struggle despite a 76% improvement year-over-year. As the company focuses on organic growth, its Insurance Distribution Segment saw a commendable 8.1% increase, suggesting positive momentum despite previous operational challenges.

Investors should closely monitor the performance of Novartis’s Specialty P&C Insurance ("Everspan") segment, which reported an astounding increase in net premiums written, though net income was down considerably. This suggests underlying volatility that may influence future profitability. The company should be lauded for successfully exiting its legacy financial guarantee business, but the acquisition of ArmadaCare introduces integration risks that could affect short-term earnings.

The adjusted EBITDA of $1.35 million is an encouraging sign, particularly as the company seeks to improve operational efficiencies post-acquisition. However, the decline in combined ratios and margins indicates potential ongoing operational inefficiencies, necessitating close attention from stakeholders.

With the introduction of new initiatives such as 1889 Specialty, Octave aims to diversify its offerings and capitalize on high-growth segments. This strategic alignment should reassure investors of the long-term strategic vision, but they must also be wary of ongoing expenses related to these integrations and market fluctuations in specialty insurance sectors.

In conclusion, while Octave Specialty Group is positioning itself for future growth, the current earnings trajectory and the ability to execute on expansion plans present both challenges and opportunities. A cautious approach, focusing on the potential for long-term value creation amidst existing market volatility, is advisable for investors considering this stock.

**MWN-AI Summary and Analysis is based on asking OpenAI to summarize and analyze this news release.

Source: Business Wire
  • Total P&C premium production increased 15% for the quarter to $303 million
  • Insurance Distribution Segment
    • Commission Income grew to $37 million, an increase of 13%
    • Organic revenue growth equaled 8.1%
    • Net loss to Shareholders of $(1) million for the quarter, an improvement of 76%
    • Adjusted EBITDA to Shareholders of $7 million for the quarter, up 33%
  • Specialty P&C Insurance ("Everspan")
    • Gross and net premiums written of $80 million and $23 million were up 34% and 978%, respectively
    • Combined ratio fell below 100%
    • Net income to Shareholders was $1 million, down 37%
    • Adjusted EBITDA to Shareholders of $1.5 million, down 46%

Octave Specialty Group, Inc. (NYSE: OSG) ("Octave" or "OSG"), a global specialty insurance firm, today reported its results for the Fourth Quarter 2025.

Claude LeBlanc, President and Chief Executive Officer, stated, "The fourth quarter of 2025 marked the end of a transformational year and the beginning of what we believe is a new era for our company. Following the sale of our legacy financial guarantee business in the third quarter, the acquisition of ArmadaCare in the fourth quarter, and our rebranding as Octave Specialty Group, we emerged as a pure-play specialty P&C company. In the fourth quarter, our insurance distribution business delivered organic growth of over 8%, finishing the year at just over 14%, as we continued to execute on our strategy to build a high-growth, specialty insurance distribution platform that delivers significant long-term value to our shareholders. ArmadaCare, a leading specialty A&H and workplace benefit MGA platform that we recently acquired, materially advances our strategic position by further diversifying our specialty business model in uncorrelated, high-growth segments of the market. During the fourth quarter, we also launched 1889 Specialty, a management liability and professional lines MGA focused on the SME market and backed by A+ capacity. We expect these investments, our expanded and further diversified portfolio of MGA/Us, and our recent corporate cost reduction actions to substantially advance our long-term growth strategy."

LeBlanc continued, “This is truly an exciting time for us. We believe our partnership structure and unique MGA incubator model, which includes aligned capacity and shared technology and business services, continue to distinguish us in the marketplace. As we enter 2026, we expect strong organic growth, bolstered by continued momentum across our core business, including the stable of strong start-ups launched in 2024 and 2025, which are positioned to deliver strong top- and bottom-line growth as these businesses continue to scale."

Octave's Fourth Quarter 2025 Summary Results

Three Months Ended December 31,

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands, except per share data) 1

2025

2024

% Change

2025

2024

% Change

Total revenues from continuing operations

66,903

65,222

3

%

251,222

235,815

7

%

Total expenses from continuing operations

97,757

86,322

13

%

352,236

295,660

19

%

Pretax income (loss) from continuing operations

(30,854

)

(21,100

)

46

%

(101,014

)

(59,845

)

69

%

Provision (benefit) for income taxes from continuing operations

(1,181

)

(157

)

NM

(5,211

)

(924

)

NM

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

(29,673

)

(20,943

)

42

%

(95,803

)

(58,921

)

63

%

Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Octave shareholders, net of tax

(29,982

)

(22,163

)

35

%

(98,404

)

(59,282

)

66

%

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

(526,102

)

NM

(163,288

)

(497,167

)

(67

)%

Net income (loss) attributable to Octave shareholders

(29,982

)

(548,264

)

NM

(261,692

)

(556,448

)

(53

)%

Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to stockholders per diluted share 3

$

(0.84

)

$

(0.56

)

50

%

$

(2.47

)

$

(1.37

)

80

%

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders per diluted share 3

$

(0.84

)

$

(11.49

)

(93

)%

$

(5.93

)

$

(11.96

)

(50

)%

Non-GAAP

EBITDA to shareholders 2

(19,509

)

(10,387

)

88

%

(54,929

)

(36,966

)

49

%

Adjusted EBITDA to shareholders 2

1,351

520

NM

(7,471

)

2,195

NM

Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to shareholders

(1,097

)

(5,676

)

(81

)%

(27,731

)

(8,606

)

NM

Per Share

Adjusted net income (loss) to shareholders per diluted share 2

$

(0.02

)

$

(0.12

)

(83

)%

$

(0.58

)

$

(0.18

)

NM

Adjusted EBITDA to shareholders per diluted share 2

$

0.03

$

0.01

NM

$

(0.16

)

$

0.05

NM

Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding

45,146

48,129

(6

)%

47,181

46,970

0.4

%

(1)

Some financial data in this press release may not add up due to rounding

(2)

See Non-GAAP Financial Data section of this press release for further information

(3)

Per diluted share includes the impact of adjusting redeemable noncontrolling interests to current redemption value

Fourth Quarter 2025 Summary*

Total revenue from continuing operations for the fourth quarter of 2025 was $67 million , an increase of 3% compared to the $65 million in the same prior-year period. The growth in total revenue was driven by the Insurance Distribution (ID) Segment and Corporate operations, which more than offset a decline in revenue in the Specialty Property and Casualty Segment. Organic growth in our Insurance Distribution Segment was 8.1% during the fourth quarter 2025.

Net loss from continuing operations to Octave shareholders for the fourth quarter of 2025 increased by $(8) million to $(30) million compared to $(22) million in the same prior-year period. The higher net loss was primarily attributed to costs associated with the acquisition of ArmadaCare, expenses associated with the exit from the financial guarantee business, and related expense reduction initiatives, and the impairment of a minority investment from a legacy strategy. Significantly lower interest expense and the impact of the ArmadaCare acquisition helped to partially offset these transactional and transitional expenses.

Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations to Octave shareholders for the fourth quarter of 2025 was $1.4 million compared to $0.5 million in the same prior-year period, driven by a $1.7 million increase in ID Adjusted EBITDA partially offset by a $1.2 million decline in Adjusted EBITDA at Everspan, associated primarily with Everspan's decline in revenue. Adjusted EBITDA also benefited from a $0.4 million improvement at Corporate related to the initial benefits of our corporate expense reduction initiatives.

* For definitions of each non-GAAP measure referred to above, as well as reconciliation of such non-GAAP measures to their most directly comparable GAAP measures, see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below.

Earnings Call and Webcast

On February 24, 2026, at 8:30am ET, Claude LeBlanc, President and Chief Executive Officer, and David Trick, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, will discuss Octave's fourth quarter 2025 results during a conference call. A live audio webcast of the call will be available through the Investor Relations section of Octave’s website, https://octavegroup.com/investor-relations/events-and-presentations/ . Participants may also listen via telephone by dialing (877) 407-9716 or (201) 493-6779 .

The webcast will be archived on Octave's website. A replay of the call will be available through March 10, 2026, and can be accessed by dialing (Domestic) (844) 512-2921 or (International) (412) 317-6671; and using ID#13757987 .

Additional information is included in an operating supplement and presentations on Octave's website at www.octavegroup.com .

Results of Operations by Segment

Insurance Distribution Segment

Three Months Ended December 31,

Year Ended December 31,

($ in thousands)

2025

2024

% Change

2025

2024

% Change

Premiums placed

$

223,286

$

204,909

9

%

$

951,781

$

493,372

93

%

Total revenues

$

46,466

$

44,070

5

%

$

163,726

$

99,236

65

%

Pretax income (loss)

$

(2,295

)

$

(4,958

)

(54

)%

$

(20,456

)

$

(7,809

)

162

%

Pretax income (loss) to shareholders

$

(2,604

)

$

(6,178

)

(58

)%

$

(23,057

)

$

(8,172

)

182

%

Net income (loss)

$

(1,114

)

$

(4,786

)

(77

)%

$

(15,353

)

$

(6,881

)

123

%

Net income (loss) to shareholders

$

(1,423

)

$

(6,006

)

(76

)%

$

(17,954

)

$

(7,244

)

148

%

EBITDA

$

10,280

$

9,827

5

%

$

36,918

$

19,653

88

%

EBITDA to shareholders 1

$

6,905

$

5,286

31

%

$

22,411

$

13,205

70

%

Adjusted EBITDA

$

10,481

$

9,827

7

%

$

37,041

$

19,894

86

%

Adjusted EBITDA to shareholders 1

$

7,030

$

5,286

33

%

$

22,542

$

13,446

68

%

Pretax income margin to shareholders 2

(5.6

)%

(14.0

)%

840 bps

(14.1

)%

(8.2

)%

(590) bps

Adjusted EBITDA margin to shareholders 1,3,5

15.1

%

12.0

%

310 bps

13.8

%

13.5

%

30 bps

Organic Growth 4

8.1

%

(3.2

)%

14.2

%

5.4

%

(1)

After the impact of noncontrolling interests

(2)

Represents Pretax income divided by total revenues

(3)

See Non-GAAP Financial Data section of this press release for further information

(4)

Organic revenue growth includes a $1.2m reduction to 4Q24 revenue to adjust for a revenue recognition accounting policy adjustment made in 4Q24 to recognize revenues that otherwise should have been recorded in 3Q24.

(5)

Represents Adjusted EBITDA to shareholders divided by total revenues

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance Segment

Three Months Ended December 31,

Year Ended December 31,

($ in thousands)

2025

2024

% Change

2025

2024

% Change

Gross premium written

$

80,102

$

59,987

34

%

$

360,449

$

382,771

(6

)%

Net premiums written

$

22,910

$

(2,608

)

978

%

$

73,898

$

88,682

(17

)%

Net premiums earned

$

18,324

$

18,931

(3

)%

$

67,232

$

99,005

(32

)%

Total revenue

$

23,068

$

24,818

(7

)%

$

88,403

$

126,320

(30

)%

Net income (loss)

$

1,158

$

1,836

(37

)%

$

2,956

$

10,469

(72

)%

Adjusted EBITDA to shareholders (1)

$

1,460

$

2,698

(46

)%

$

3,777

$

5,136

(26

)%

Loss Ratio

61.8

%

51.9

%

990 bps

70.2

%

73.4

%

(320) bps

Expense Ratio

37.6

%

44.6

%

(700) bps

35.0

%

28.2

%

680 bps

Combined Ratio

99.4

%

96.5

%

290 bps

105.2

%

101.6

%

360 bps

(1)

After the impact of noncontrolling interests. See Non-GAAP Financial Data section of this press release for further information

OSG Corporate (holding company only)

OSG on a standalone basis, excluding its ownership interests in its Specialty P&C Insurance and Insurance Distribution subsidiaries, had net assets of $76 million as of December 31, 2025. Assets included cash and liquid securities of $49 million and other investments of $25 million.

Consolidated Octave Financial Group, Inc. Stockholders' Equity and NCI Impact to EPS

Stockholders’ equity attributable to common shareholders at December 31, 2025, was $715,790, or $15.90 per share compared to $783,323 or $16.77 per share as of September 30, 2025. The decline was primarily a result of the net loss from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders of $(30) million, the cost of shares repurchased of $(27) million and change in redeemable noncontrolling interest of $(8) million.

Share Repurchase

Subsequent to September 30, 2025, OSG repurchased in the open market over 3.1 million shares of its outstanding common stock through a 10B5-1 program. These repurchases represented 6.7% of shares outstanding and 6.5% of basic weighted shares outstanding as last reported.

Calculation of Earnings Per Share

Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to shareholders, including adjustments to the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests, by the basic weighted-average shares outstanding plus all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. The following table provides a reconciliation of net income attributable to shareholders to the numerator in the diluted earnings per share calculation, together with the resulting earnings per share amounts:

Three Months Ended December 31,

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands, except per share data)

2025

2024

2025

2024

Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to shareholders

$

(29,982

)

$

(22,163

)

$

(98,404

)

$

(59,282

)

Adjustment for Redeemable NCI

(8,017

)

(4,917

)

$

(18,175

)

$

(5,222

)

Numerator of diluted EPS

$

(37,999

)

$

(27,080

)

$

(116,579

)

$

(64,504

)

Per Share — Diluted

$

(0.84

)

$

(0.56

)

$

(2.47

)

$

(1.37

)

Net income (loss) attributable to Octave shareholders

$

(29,982

)

$

(548,264

)

$

(261,692

)

$

(556,448

)

Adjustment for Redeemable NCI

(8,017

)

(4,917

)

(18,175

)

(5,222

)

Numerator of diluted EPS

$

(37,999

)

$

(553,181

)

$

(279,867

)

$

(561,670

)

Per Share — Diluted

$

(0.84

)

$

(11.49

)

$

(5.93

)

$

(11.96

)

WASO-Diluted

45,146

48,129

47,181

46,970

OCTAVE SPECIALTY GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended December 31,

Year Ended December 31,

($ in thousands, except share data)

2025

2024

2025

2024

Revenues:

Commissions

$

40,229

$

38,009

$

143,381

$

92,023

Servicing and other fees

6,128

4,087

20,419

6,353

Net premiums earned

18,324

18,931

67,232

99,005

Program fees

3,583

3,989

14,322

13,506

Investment income

2,557

3,557

10,647

14,448

Other

(3,918

)

(3,351

)

(4,780

)

10,480

Total revenues

66,903

65,222

251,222

235,815

Expenses:

Commissions

8,102

13,667

37,037

40,876

Losses and loss adjustment expenses

11,333

9,826

47,193

72,626

Policy acquisition costs

4,759

7,850

15,790

23,666

General and administrative

58,843

39,730

191,624

129,166

Intangible amortization and depreciation

13,289

9,615

41,952

19,947

Interest

1,431

5,634

18,640

9,379

Total expenses

97,757

86,322

352,236

295,660

Pretax income (loss) from continuing operations

(30,854

)

(21,100

)

(101,014

)

(59,845

)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes from continuing operations

(1,181

)

(157

)

(5,211

)

(924

)

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

(29,673

)

(20,943

)

(95,803

)

(58,921

)

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

(526,102

)

(163,288

)

(497,167

)

Net income (loss)

(29,673

)

(547,045

)

(259,091

)

(556,087

)

Net (gain) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

(309

)

(1,220

)

(2,601

)

(361

)

Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders

$

(29,982

)

$

(548,264

)

$

(261,692

)

$

(556,448

)

Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to stockholders

$

(29,982

)

$

(22,163

)

$

(98,404

)

$

(59,282

)

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to stockholders

(526,102

)

(163,288

)

(497,166

)

Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders

$

(29,982

)

$

(548,264

)

$

(261,692

)

$

(556,448

)

Net income (loss) from continuing operations per share attributable to stockholders

Basic

$

(0.84

)

$

(0.56

)

$

(2.47

)

$

(1.37

)

Diluted

$

(0.84

)

$

(0.56

)

$

(2.47

)

$

(1.37

)

Net income (loss) per share attributable to stockholders

Basic

$

(0.84

)

$

(11.49

)

$

(5.93

)

$

(11.96

)

Diluted

$

(0.84

)

$

(11.49

)

$

(5.93

)

$

(11.96

)

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

Basic

45,146,058

48,128,820

47,181,227

46,969,708

Diluted

45,146,058

48,128,820

47,181,227

46,969,708

OCTAVE SPECIALTY GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

($ in thousands, except share data)

December 31,
2025

September 30,
2025 (1)

Assets:

Investments:

Fixed maturity securities, at fair value (amortized cost: $123,415 and $132,617)

$

122,295

$

131,101

Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost: $146,433 and $295,815)

146,442

295,825

Other investments (includes $7,454 and $7,684 at fair value)

24,971

28,302

Total investments (net of allowance for credit losses of $0 and $0)

293,708

455,228

Cash and cash equivalents (including $40,754 and $17,669 of restricted cash)

68,440

51,767

Premium receivables (net of allowance for credit losses of $500 and $142)

75,085

74,760

Commission and fees receivable

86,549

75,480

Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses (net of allowance for credit losses of $450 and $338)

436,092

440,462

Deferred ceded premium

146,365

160,906

Policy acquisition costs

9,732

9,284

Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization

474,998

339,197

Goodwill

540,345

445,382

Other assets

92,003

95,424

Total assets

$

2,223,317

$

2,147,890

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity:

Liabilities:

Unearned premiums

$

187,178

$

197,133

Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves

459,990

437,539

Ceded premiums payable

80,561

87,635

Deferred program fees and reinsurance commissions

6,978

7,754

Deferred taxes

65,217

68,865

Long-term debt

117,558

Accrued interest payable

1,343

Commission payable

115,555

109,317

Other liabilities

102,771

92,226

Total liabilities

1,137,151

1,000,469

Redeemable noncontrolling interest

252,981

248,308

Stockholders’ equity:

Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized shares; issued and outstanding shares—none

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 130,000,000 shares authorized; issued shares: 48,876,882 and 48,875,167

489

489

Additional paid-in capital

369,860

367,077

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

8,483

7,426

Retained earnings

370,431

436,026

Treasury stock, shares at cost: 3,871,598 and 2,368,194

(33,473

)

(27,695

)

Total Octave Specialty Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity

715,790

783,323

Nonredeemable noncontrolling interest

117,395

115,790

Total stockholders’ equity

833,185

899,113

Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity

$

2,223,317

$

2,147,890

(1)

The September 30, 2025 Consolidated Balance Sheet reflects a correction to redeemable noncontrolling interest and total stockholders' equity $60.1 million

Non-GAAP Financial Data

In addition to reporting the Company’s quarterly financial results in accordance with GAAP, the Company is reporting non-GAAP financial measures: EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Organic Revenue Growth Rate (Insurance Distribution segment only), Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Margin. These amounts are derived from our consolidated financial information, but are not presented in our consolidated financial results.

We present non-GAAP supplemental financial information because we believe such information is of interest to the investment community, and that it provides greater transparency and enhanced visibility into the underlying drivers and performance of our businesses on a basis that may not be otherwise apparent on a GAAP basis. We view these non-GAAP financial measures as important indicators when assessing and evaluating our performance on a segmented and consolidated basis and they are presented to improve the comparability of our results between periods by eliminating the impact of the items that may not be representative of our core operating performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are not substitutes for the Company’s GAAP reporting, should not be viewed in isolation and may differ from similar reporting provided by other companies, which may define non-GAAP measures differently

The following paragraphs define each non-GAAP financial measure. A tabular reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure and the most comparable GAAP financial measure is also presented below.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Organic Revenue Growth & Rate (Insurance Distribution Only.) — Organic revenue is based on commissions and fees for the relevant period by excluding (i) the first twelve months of commissions and fees generated from acquisitions, (ii) commissions and fees from divestitures and (iii) and other items such as contingent commissions and the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.

Organic Revenue Growth is the change in organic revenue period-to-period, with prior period results adjusted to (i) include commissions and fees that were excluded from organic revenue in the prior period and reached the twelve-month owned mark in the current period, and (ii) exclude commissions and fees related to divestitures from organic revenue.

Total Specialty P&C Insurance Production Specialty P&C Insurance production, which includes gross premiums written by Octave's Specialty P&C Insurance segment and premiums placed by the Insurance Distribution segment. Specialty P&C Insurance revenues are dependent on gross premiums written, as specialty program insurance companies earn premiums based on the portion of gross premiums written retained (i.e. net premiums written) and fees on gross premiums written that are ceded to reinsurers. Insurance Distribution revenues are dependent on premium volume, as Managing General Agents/Underwriters and brokers receive commissions based on the amount of premiums placed (i.e. gross premiums written on behalf of insurance carriers) with insurance carriers.

EBITDA — EBITDA is net income (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization of intangible assets.

EBITDA Margin — EBITDA divided by total revenues.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin — We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, change in fair value of contingent consideration and certain items of income and expense, including share-based compensation expense, acquisition and integration-related expenses, severance, and other exceptional or non-recurring items, including those related to raising capital. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is an appropriate measure of operating performance because it eliminates the impact of income and expenses that may obfuscate business performance, and that the presentation of this measure enhances an investor's understanding of our financial performance.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Margin — We define Adjusted Net Income as net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Octave adjusted for amortization of intangible assets, change in fair value of contingent consideration and certain items of income and expense, including share-based compensation expense, acquisition and integration -related expenses, severance and non-recurring income and loss items that, in the opinion of management, significantly affect the period-over-period assessment of operating results, and the related tax effect of those adjustments. Per share amounts exclude any impact of revaluing non-controlling interests as otherwise reported under GAAP earnings per share. We believe that Adjusted Net Income is an appropriate measure of operating performance because it eliminates the impact of income and expenses that may obfuscate business performance.

Results of Operations by Segment (Continued)

Three Months Ended December 31, 2025

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance

Insurance Distribution

Corporate & Other

Consolidated

($ in thousands)

Gross premiums written

$

80,102

$

80,102

Net premiums written

22,910

22,910

Total revenues from Continuing Operations

23,068

46,466

(2,631

)

66,903

Total expenses from Continuing Operations

21,814

48,761

27,181

97,757

Pretax income (loss)

1,254

(2,295

)

(29,812

)

(30,854

)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

96

(1,181

)

(96

)

(1,181

)

Net income (loss) from Continuing Operations

$

1,158

$

(1,114

)

$

(29,716

)

$

(29,673

)

Adjustments to EBITDA

Add: Interest expense

$

1,431

$

1,431

Add: Income tax expense

96

(1,181

)

(96

)

(1,181

)

Add: Depreciation

347

2,145

2,492

Add: Intangible amortization

10,797

10,797

EBITDA from Continuing Operations

$

1,254

$

10,280

$

(27,667

)

$

(16,134

)

EBITDA from Continuing Operations attributable to

Octave shareholders

$

1,254

$

6,905

$

(27,667

)

$

(19,509

)

Adjustments to Adjusted EBITDA

Add: Acquisition and integration related expenses

$

$

$

7,796

$

7,796

Add: Equity-based compensation expense

206

201

2,072

2,479

Add: Severance and restructuring expense

7,561

7,561

Add: Other non-operating (income) losses

3,100

3,100

Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations

1,460

10,481

(7,138

)

4,802

Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations attributable to

Octave shareholders

$

1,460

$

7,030

$

(7,138

)

$

1,351

Net income (loss) (Continuing Operations)

$

1,158

$

(1,114

)

$

(29,716

)

$

(29,673

)

Adjustments:

Add: Acquisition and integration related expenses

7,796

7,796

Add: Intangible amortization

10,797

10,797

Add: Equity-based compensation expense

206

201

2,072

2,479

Add: Severance and restructuring expense

9,453

9,453

Add: Other non-operating (income) losses

3,100

3,100

Adjusted net income (loss) before tax and NCI

1,364

9,884

(7,295

)

3,952

Income tax effects

(43

)

(2,050

)

43

(2,050

)

Adjusted net income (loss) before NCI

1,321

7,834

(7,252

)

1,902

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

(2,999

)

(2,999

)

Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to shareholders

$

1,321

$

4,835

$

(7,252

)

$

(1,097

)

Net income (loss) margin

5.0

%

(2.4

)%

NM

(44.4

)%

Adjusted EBITDA Margin

6.3

%

22.6

%

NM

7.2

%

Adjusted EBITDA Margin to Octave shareholders

6.3

%

15.1

%

NM

2.0

%

Adjusted Net income (loss) after NCI margin

5.7

%

10.4

%

NM

(1.6

)%

Three Months Ended December 31, 2024

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance

Insurance Distribution

Corporate & Other

Consolidated

($ in thousands)

Gross premiums written

$

59,987

$

59,987

Net premiums written

(2,608

)

(2,608

)

Total revenues from Continuing Operations

24,818

44,070

(3,666

)

65,222

Total expenses from Continuing Operations

22,252

49,028

15,042

86,322

Pretax income (loss)

2,566

(4,958

)

(18,708

)

(21,100

)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

730

(172

)

(715

)

(157

)

Net income (loss) from Continuing Operations

$

1,836

$

(4,786

)

$

(17,993

)

$

(20,943

)

Adjustments to EBITDA

Add: Interest expense

$

5,639

$

5,639

Add: Income tax expense

730

(172

)

(715

)

(157

)

Add: Depreciation

245

469

714

Add: Intangible amortization

8,901

8,901

EBITDA from Continuing Operations

$

2,566

$

9,827

$

(18,239

)

$

(5,846

)

EBITDA from Continuing Operations attributable to

Octave shareholders

$

2,566

$

5,286

$

(18,239

)

$

(10,387

)

Adjustments to Adjusted EBITDA

Add: Acquisition and integration related expenses

$

$

1,561

1,561

Add: Equity-based compensation expense

132

2,689

2,821

Add: Severance and restructuring expense

362

362

Add: Other non-operating (income) losses

6,163

6,163

Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations

2,698

9,827

(7,464

)

5,061

Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations attributable to

Octave shareholders

$

2,698

$

5,286

$

(7,464

)

$

520

Net income (loss) (Continuing Operations)

$

1,836

$

(4,786

)

$

(17,993

)

$

(20,943

)

Adjustments:

Add: Acquisition and integration related expenses

1,561

1,561

Add: Intangible amortization

8,901

8,901

Add: Equity-based compensation expense

132

2,689

2,821

Add: Severance and restructuring expense

362

362

Add: Other non-operating (income) losses

6,163

6,163

Adjusted net income (loss) before tax and NCI

1,968

4,115

(7,218

)

(1,135

)

Income tax effects

Adjusted net income (loss) before NCI

1,968

4,115

(7,218

)

(1,135

)

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

(4,541

)

(4,541

)

Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to shareholders

$

1,968

$

(426

)

$

(7,218

)

$

(5,676

)

Net income (loss) margin

7.4

%

(10.9

)%

NM

(32.1

)%

Adjusted EBITDA Margin

10.9

%

22.3

%

NM

7.8

%

Adjusted EBITDA Margin to Octave shareholders

10.9

%

12.0

%

NM

0.8

%

Adjusted Net income (loss) after NCI margin

7.9

%

(1.0

)%

NM

(8.7

)%

Results of Operations by Segment (Continued)

Year Ended December 31, 2025

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance

Insurance Distribution

Corporate & Other

Consolidated

($ in thousands)

Gross premiums written

$

360,449

$

360,449

Net premiums written

73,898

73,898

Total revenues from Continuing Operations

88,403

163,726

(907

)

251,222

Total expenses from Continuing Operations

85,073

184,182

82,981

352,236

Pretax income (loss)

3,330

(20,456

)

(83,888

)

(101,014

)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

374

(5,103

)

(482

)

(5,211

)

Net income (loss) from Continuing Operations

$

2,956

$

(15,353

)

$

(83,406

)

$

(95,803

)

Adjustments to EBITDA

Add: Interest expense

$

$

18,640

$

$

18,640

Add: Income tax expense

374

(5,103

)

(482

)

(5,211

)

Add: Depreciation

690

3,218

3,908

Add: Intangible amortization

38,044

38,044

EBITDA from Continuing Operations

$

3,330

$

36,918

$

(80,670

)

$

(40,422

)

EBITDA from Continuing Operations attributable to

Octave shareholders

$

3,330

$

22,411

$

(80,670

)

$

(54,929

)

Adjustments to Adjusted EBITDA

Add: Acquisition and integration related expenses

$

$

375

$

9,106

$

9,481

Add: Equity-based compensation expense

447

368

11,494

12,309

Add: Severance and restructuring expense

60

21,173

21,233

Add: Other non-operating (income) losses

(591

)

5,108

4,517

Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations

3,777

37,041

(33,789

)

7,028

Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations attributable to

Octave shareholders

$

3,777

$

22,542

$

(33,789

)

$

(7,471

)

Net income (loss) (Continuing Operations)

$

2,955

$

(15,353

)

$

(83,404

)

$

(95,800

)

Adjustments:

Add: Acquisition and integration related expenses

375

9,106

9,481

Add: Intangible amortization

38,044

38,044

Add: Equity-based compensation expense

447

368

11,494

12,309

Add: Severance and restructuring expense

60

23,065

23,125

Add: Other non-operating (income) losses

(591

)

5,108

4,517

Adjusted net income (loss) before tax and NCI

3,403

22,903

(34,633

)

(8,328

)

Income tax effects

(58

)

(6,009

)

58

(6,009

)

Adjusted net income (loss) before NCI

3,345

16,894

(34,575

)

(14,337

)

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

(13,394

)

(13,394

)

Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to shareholders

$

3,345

$

3,500

$

(34,575

)

$

(27,731

)

Net income (loss) margin

3.3

%

(9.4

)%

NM

(38.1

)%

Adjusted EBITDA Margin

4.3

%

22.6

%

NM

2.8

%

Adjusted EBITDA Margin to Octave shareholders

4.3

%

13.8

%

NM

(3.0

)%

Adjusted Net income (loss) after NCI margin

3.8

%

2.1

%

NM

(11.0

)%

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance

Insurance Distribution

Corporate & Other

Consolidated

($ in thousands)

Gross premiums written

$

382,771

$

382,771

Net premiums written

88,682

88,682

Total revenues from Continuing Operations

126,320

99,236

10,259

235,815

Total expenses from Continuing Operations

114,098

107,045

74,516

295,660

Pretax income (loss)

12,222

(7,809

)

(64,257

)

(59,845

)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

1,753

(928

)

(1,748

)

(924

)

Net income (loss) from Continuing Operations

$

10,469

$

(6,881

)

$

(62,509

)

$

(58,921

)

Adjustments to EBITDA

Add: Interest expense

$

$

9,379

$

$

9,379

Add: Income tax expense

1,753

(928

)

(1,748

)

(924

)

Add: Depreciation

481

1,864

2,345

Add: Intangible amortization

17,602

17,602

EBITDA from Continuing Operations

$

12,222

$

19,653

$

(62,393

)

$

(30,518

)

EBITDA from Continuing Operations attributable to

Octave shareholders

$

12,222

$

13,205

$

(62,393

)

$

(36,966

)

Adjustments to Adjusted EBITDA

Add: Acquisition and integration related expenses

$

$

$

27,388

$

27,388

Add: Equity-based compensation expense

414

8,941

9,355

Add: Severance and restructuring expense

248

7,352

7,600

Add: Other non-operating (income) losses

(7,500

)

2,318

(5,182

)

Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations

5,136

19,901

(16,394

)

8,643

Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations attributable to

Octave shareholders

$

5,136

$

13,453

$

(16,394

)

$

2,195

Net income (loss) (Continuing Operations)

$

10,466

$

(6,769

)

$

(62,508

)

$

(58,812

)

Adjustments:

Add: Acquisition and integration related expenses

27,388

27,388

Add: Intangible amortization

17,602

17,602

Add: Equity-based compensation expense

414

8,941

9,355

Add: Severance and restructuring expense

248

7,352

7,600

Add: Other non-operating (income) losses

(7,500

)

2,318

(5,182

)

Adjusted net income (loss) before tax and NCI

3,383

10,969

(16,510

)

(2,158

)

Income tax effects

Adjusted net income (loss) before NCI

3,383

10,969

(16,510

)

(2,158

)

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

(6,448

)

(6,448

)

Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to shareholders

$

3,383

$

4,521

$

(16,510

)

$

(8,606

)

Net income (loss) margin

8.3

%

(6.9

)%

NM

(25.0

)%

Adjusted EBITDA Margin

4.1

%

20.1

%

NM

3.7

%

Adjusted EBITDA Margin to Octave shareholders

4.1

%

13.6

%

NM

0.9

%

Adjusted Net income (loss) after NCI margin

2.7

%

4.6

%

NM

(3.6

)%

Organic Growth

Three Months Ended December 31,

Year Ended December 31,

($ in thousands)

2025

2024

% Growth

2025

2024

% Growth

Total Insurance Distribution revenue (1)

$

46,594

$

44,096

5.7

%

$

163,855

$

99,236

65.1

%

Less: Acquired revenues (2)

(4,998

)

(1,200

)

(50,102

)

(1,200

)

Less: Profit commission and contingent commission income

(3,003

)

(5,449

)

(11,898

)

(6,400

)

Total Organic Revenue & Growth Percentage

38,523

35,628

8.1

%

104,427

91,453

14.2

%

(1)

Total Insurance Distribution revenue includes investment income

(2)

Organic revenue growth includes a $1.2m reduction to 4Q24 revenue to adjust for a revenue recognition accounting policy adjustment made in 4Q24 to recognize revenues that otherwise should have been recorded in 3Q24.

Total Specialty P&C Insurance Production

Specialty P&C Insurance production includes gross premiums written by Octave's Specialty P&C Insurance segment and premiums placed by the Insurance Distribution segment.

Three Months Ended December 31,

Year Ended December 31,

($ in thousands)

2025

2024

% Change

2025

2024

% Change

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance Gross Premiums Written

$

80,102

$

59,987

34

%

$

360,449

$

382,771

(6

)%

Insurance Distribution Premiums Placed

223,286

204,909

9

%

951,781

493,372

93

%

Specialty P&C Insurance Production

$

303,388

$

264,896

15

%

$

1,312,230

$

876,143

50

%

About Octave

Octave Specialty Group, Inc. is a global specialty insurance firm that builds, buys, and scales niche insurance distribution and underwriting businesses. With a focus on operational excellence, disciplined growth, and innovation, Octave is creating a harmonized portfolio of companies that deliver exceptional performance and long-term value for shareholders. For more information, visit www.octavegroup.com .

The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Octave contains substantial restrictions on the ability to transfer Octave’s common stock. Subject to limited exceptions, any attempted transfer of common stock shall be prohibited and void to the extent that, as a result of such transfer (or any series of transfers of which such transfer is a part), any person or group of persons shall become a holder of 5% or more of Octave’s common stock or a holder of 5% or more of Octave’s common stock increases its ownership interest.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release, and any related oral statements, contain statements that may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “planned,” “potential” and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “could,” and “may,” or the negative of those expressions or verbs, identify forward-looking statements. We caution readers that these statements are not guarantees of future performance. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but instead represent only our beliefs regarding future events, which may by their nature be inherently uncertain and some of which may be outside our control. These statements may relate to plans and objectives with respect to the future, among other things which may change. We are alerting you to the possibility that our actual results may differ, possibly materially, from the expected objectives or anticipated results that may be suggested, expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our results to differ, possibly materially, from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, those discussed under “Risk Factors” in our most recent SEC filed quarterly or annual report.

Any or all of management’s forward-looking statements, whether contained herein or in other publications may prove to be incorrect and are based on management’s current belief or opinions. Octave Specialty Group’s (“OSG”) and its subsidiaries’ (collectively, “Octave” or the “Company”) actual results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements,, and there are no guarantees about the performance of Octave’s securities. Among events, risks, uncertainties or factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are: (1) the high degree of volatility in the price of OSG’s common stock; (2) uncertainty concerning the Company’s ability to achieve value for holders of its securities from the specialty property and casualty insurance business, the insurance distribution business, or related businesses; (3) greater than expected underwriting losses in the Company’s specialty property and casualty insurance business resulting in inadequacy of loss and loss expense reserves and the possibility that changes in reserves may result in further volatility of earnings or financial results; (4) credit risk throughout Octave’s business, including but not limited to issuers of securities in our investment portfolios, and exposures to reinsurers; (5) the Company’s level of indebtedness, including its ability to generate sufficient cash to service obligations, refinance existing debt, or obtain additional financing on acceptable terms, and the resulting impact on financial condition and operating flexibility; (6) dependence on third parties, including specialty insurance program partners, reinsurers, distribution relationships, and other service providers, and the risk of failures or disruptions in their performance; (7) inability to obtain reinsurance coverage on economic terms; (8) loss of key relationships for production of business in specialty property and casualty and insurance distribution businesses or the inability to secure such additional relationships to produce expected results; (9) the impact of catastrophic public health, environmental or natural events, or political events, including as a result of global or regional conflicts; (10) restrictive covenants in agreements and instruments that impair Octave’s ability to pursue or achieve its business strategies; (11) regulatory risks, including disagreements with insurance regulators, changes in laws or regulations, and the Company’s ability to adapt to an evolving regulatory environment; (12) risks related to changes in the composition, valuation, or performance of the Company’s investment portfolio, including interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; (13) events or circumstances that result in the impairment of our intangible assets and/or goodwill that was recorded in connection with Octave’s acquisitions; (14) the risk of litigation, regulatory inquiries, investigations, claims or proceedings, and the risk of adverse outcomes in connection therewith; (15) system security risks, data protection breaches and cyber attacks; (16) our inability to attract and retain qualified executives, senior managers and other employees, or the loss of such personnel; (17) greater competition for our specialty property and casualty insurance business and/or our insurance distribution business; (18) loss or lowering of the AM Best rating for our property and casualty insurance company subsidiaries; (19) disintermediation within the insurance industry or greater competition from technology-based insurance solutions or non-traditional insurance markets; (20) changes in law or in the functioning of the healthcare market that impair the business model of our accident and health managing general agents; (21) failure to successfully execute business expansion initiatives, integrate acquired businesses, or realize anticipated benefits from such efforts and significant obligations under put rights granted in completed acquisitions; and (22) other risks and uncertainties that have not been identified at this time.

Source: Octave Specialty Group, Inc.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260223895676/en/

Karen Beyer
Managing Director, Investor Relations
(212) 208-3222
ir@octavegroup.com

FAQ**

How does Octave Specialty Group, Inc. (OSG) plan to enhance its portfolio in the specialty P&C insurance market post-acquisition of ArmadaCare, particularly in relation to Overseas Shipholding Group Inc. Class A OSG?

Octave Specialty Group, Inc. (OSG) aims to strengthen its specialty P&C insurance portfolio post-ArmadaCare acquisition by leveraging strategic synergies, expanding service offerings, and enhancing operational efficiencies to better serve clients, including those associated with Overseas Shipholding Group.

Considering the significant net income loss attributable to shareholders, what strategies will OSG implement to return to profitability, especially in comparison to Overseas Shipholding Group Inc. Class A OSG's performance?

OSG will focus on cost optimization, fleet modernization, strategic partnerships, and enhancing operational efficiency to return to profitability while closely analyzing and adapting strategies based on the performance benchmarks set by Overseas Shipholding Group Inc. Class A.

Can you elaborate on how the adjusted EBITDA growth of OSG can influence shareholder value in light of its ongoing transformation as compared to Overseas Shipholding Group Inc. Class A OSG?

The adjusted EBITDA growth of OSG can positively influence shareholder value by enhancing profitability and investor confidence, signaling the effectiveness of its ongoing transformation compared to other companies like Overseas Shipholding Group Inc. Class A OSG.

In what ways does Octave's approach to insurance distribution differ from that of Overseas Shipholding Group Inc. Class A OSG, and how are these differences expected to impact each company's growth trajectory?

Octave focuses on digital-first, data-driven insurance distribution tailored for efficiency and customer needs, whereas Overseas Shipholding Group relies on traditional maritime shipping and logistics, potentially positioning Octave for faster growth in a tech-advanced marketplace.

**MWN-AI FAQ is based on asking OpenAI questions about Overseas Shipholding Group Inc. Class A (NYSE: OSG).

Overseas Shipholding Group Inc. Class A

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